ABSTRACT
Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular Apicomplexan parasite and a causative agent of toxoplasmosis in human. It causes encephalitis, uveitis, chorioretinitis, and congenital infection. T. gondii invades the host cell by forming a moving junction (MJ) complex. This complex formation is initiated by intermolecular interactions between the two secretory parasitic proteins—namely, apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) and rhoptry neck protein 2 (RON2) and is critically essential for the host invasion process. By this study, we propose two potential leads, NSC95522 and NSC179676 that can efficiently target the AMA1 hydrophobic cleft, which is a hotspot for targeting MJ complex formation. The proposed leads are the result of an exhaustive conformational search-based virtual screen with multilevel precision scoring of the docking affinities. These two compounds surpassed all the precision levels of docking and also the stringent post docking and cumulative molecular dynamics evaluations. Moreover, the backbone flexibility of hotspot residues in the hydrophobic cleft, which has been previously reported to be essential for accommodative binding of RON2 to AMA1, was also highly perturbed by these compounds. Furthermore, binding free energy calculations of these two compounds also revealed a significant affinity to AMA1. Machine learning approaches also predicted these two compounds to possess more relevant activities. Hence, these two leads, NSC95522 and NSC179676, may prove to be potential inhibitors targeting AMA1-RON2 complex formation towards combating toxoplasmosis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Chorioretinitis , Drug Design , Encephalitis , Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions , Machine Learning , Membranes , Molecular Docking Simulation , Molecular Dynamics Simulation , Neck , Parasites , Pliability , Toxoplasma , Toxoplasmosis , UveitisABSTRACT
Se analizó el efecto de la sustitución de clara de huevo por albúmina sérica porcina (ASP) en panqués de chocolate. La ASP se obtuvo mediante un método escalado de aislamiento por cromatografía de interacción hidrofóbica. En la formulación del panqué se reemplazó el 50 y 100% de la clara de huevo con ASP. Todos los panqués presentaron valores similares (P >0.05) de los parámetros de color en la miga: L (25,7-26,2), a* (9,8-10,1) y b* (14,5-15,0) y en la costra: L (25,7-26,2), a* (9,8-10,1) y b* (14,5-15,0). La textura (2,9 N) y el volumen (148,9 ± 1,8 cm ³) de los panqués con 50% de ASP fueron similares (P> 0,05) a los de los controles. El análisis sensorial indicó que los panqués en los que se reemplazó 50% de la clara por ASP, gustaron tanto como los controles. Los panqués con un reemplazo del 100%, gustaron menos. La excelente calidad microbiológica de los panqués muestra las óptimas condiciones sanitarias durante la obtención de la ASP y su elaboración.
The effect of porcine serum albumin (PSA) as a substitute for egg white (EW) in chocolate cakes was examined. PSA was obtained by a lab-scaled method of Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography. 50 and 100% of the normal level of EW was replaced with PSA in cake formulation. All cakes had similar (P > 0.05) crumb L (25.7-26.2), a* (9.8-10.1) y b* (14.5-15.0) and crust: L (25.7-26.2), a* (9.8-10.1) y b* (14.5-15.0) color values. Texture (2.9 N) and volume (148.9 1.8 cm ³) of cakes with 50% PSA replacing EW were similar (P > 0.05) to those of the controls. Sensory analysis indicated that cakes replaced with 50% EW for ASP were as well liked as control cakes. The excellent microbiological quality of formulated cakes points out the optimal sanitary conditions in the PSA isolation and in the cake elaboration process.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the purification method of non- affinity chromatography for leptin expressed in Pichia Pastoris.Methods:Ion exchange chromatography (Sepharose Q fast flow) and hydrophobic interaction chromatography (Phenyl Sepharose 6 fast flow ) were used to purify human leptin in pH 7.5. Results: After purification by Q column,the purity of leptin increased from 42.3% to 89.6%.Subsequently, after hydrophobic interaction chromatography ,its purity reached 96.2%. In SDS-PAGE, leptin was shown as one specific band.Conclusion:The human recombinant leptin expressed by Pichia Pastoris yeast can be successfully purified by ion exchange chromatography plus hydrophobic interaction chromatography.